:root {
      --primary-navy: #0a2540;
      --accent-blue: #0d6efd;
      --sidebar-shade: #f0f4f8; 
    }

    html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0; }
    .page-wrapper { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 100vh; }
    body { font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff; color: #212529; font-size: 18px; }

    h3 { 
      font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; 
      text-transform: uppercase; 
      letter-spacing: 1px; 
      color: var(--primary-navy);
      font-weight: 700;
      margin-bottom: 25px;
    }

    /* Navbar */
    .navbar { background-color: var(--primary-navy); padding: 1rem 2rem; z-index: 1050; }
    .navbar-nav { width: 100%; justify-content: center; } 
    
    .nav-link { 
      color: #fff !important; 
      font-weight: 600; 
      font-size: 16px; 
      margin: 0 12px;
      position: relative;
      padding-bottom: 5px;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 8px;
      cursor: pointer;
    }

    .nav-link::after {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      width: 0;
      height: 3px;
      display: block;
      margin-top: 28px;
      background: #fff;
      transition: width 0.3s ease;
    }
    .nav-link:hover::after, .nav-link.active-link::after {
      width: 100%;
    }

    /* Main Layout */
    .main-container { display: flex; flex: 1; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 72px; }

    .sidebar {
      padding: 40px 20px;
      background-color: var(--sidebar-shade);
      border-right: 1px solid #d1d9e0;
      text-align: center;
      width: 100%;
    }

    @media (min-width: 992px) {
      .sidebar {
        width: 380px;
        position: fixed;
        height: calc(100vh - 72px);
        left: 0;
        top: 72px;
        overflow-y: auto;
      }
      .content-area {
        margin-left: 380px;
        padding: 60px 10%;
        flex: 1;
      }
    }

    .content-area { padding: 30px; }

    /* Social Icons Row */
    .social-icons-row {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: center;
      gap: 20px;
      margin-top: 20px;
      margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
    .social-icons-row a {
      font-size: 26px;
      color: var(--primary-navy);
      transition: transform 0.2s;
    }
    .social-icons-row a:hover { color: var(--accent-blue); transform: translateY(-3px); }

    .last-updated { font-size: 12px; color: #6c757d; font-style: italic; }

    .profile-img { 
      width: 220px; height: 220px; 
      border-radius: 12px; 
      object-fit: cover; 
      margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
      border: 4px solid #fff;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    }

    /* Publication Page Specifics */
    .pub-breadcrumb { font-size: 15px; margin-bottom: 25px; font-weight: 600; }
    .pub-breadcrumb a { text-decoration: none; color: var(--accent-blue); }
    
    .pub-item { 
      margin-bottom: 2rem; 
      border-left: 3px solid transparent; 
      transition: 0.2s; 
    }
    .pub-item:hover { 
      border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-blue); 
      padding-left: 15px; 
    }
    
    .pub-title { 
      font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif; 
      font-size: 18px; 
      color: var(--accent-blue); 
      font-weight: 700; 
      margin-bottom: 5px; 
    }
    .pub-authors { font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 3px; }
    .pub-venue { font-style: italic; font-size: 16px; color: #555; }
    
    .pub-btn {
      padding: 3px 12px; font-size: 13px; margin-right: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;
      border-radius: 4px; background: #f8f9fa; color: #333; text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px;
    }
    .venue-tag { background: #6c757d; color: #fff; padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 3px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; margin-right: 5px; }

	/* Project Category Navigation */
	.project-nav {
	  display: flex;
	  align-items: center;
	  flex-wrap: wrap;
	  gap: 10px;
	  padding: 16px 20px;
	  background: #f8f9fa;
	  border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
	  border-radius: 8px;
	}

	.project-nav-label {
	  font-size: 14px;
	  font-weight: 600;
	  color: #6c757d;
	  margin-right: 5px;
	}

	.project-nav-link {
	  display: inline-flex;
	  align-items: center;
	  gap: 7px;
	  padding: 7px 13px;
	  border: 1px solid #d1d9e0;
	  border-radius: 6px;
	  background: #fff;
	  color: var(--primary-navy);
	  text-decoration: none;
	  font-size: 14px;
	  font-weight: 600;
	  transition: all 0.2s ease;
	}

	.project-nav-link:hover {
	  color: var(--accent-blue);
	  border-color: var(--accent-blue);
	  transform: translateY(-1px);
	}

	.project-category-heading {
	  scroll-margin-top: 110px;
	  margin-top: 20px;
	}

	.project-category-heading h4 {
	  color: var(--primary-navy);
	}
	/* =========================================================
   PUBLICATIONS
========================================================= */


/* ---------- Jump Navigation ---------- */

.publication-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 16px 20px;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.publication-nav-label {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #6c757d;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.publication-nav-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 7px 13px;
  border: 1px solid #d1d9e0;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #ffffff;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.publication-nav-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  border-color: var(--accent-blue);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}


/* ---------- Publication Sections ---------- */

.publication-section {
  scroll-margin-top: 110px;
}


/* Larger section titles */

.publication-section-header h2 {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}


/* ---------- Year ---------- */

.publication-year {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}


/* ---------- Individual Publication ---------- */

.pub-item {
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  padding-left: 0;
  border-left: 3px solid transparent;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.pub-item:hover {
  border-left: 3px solid var(--accent-blue);
  padding-left: 14px;
}


/* Publication number */

.pub-number {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-right: 5px;
}


/* Publication title */

.pub-title {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}


/* Authors */

.pub-authors {
  font-size: 15px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}


/* ---------- Venue + DOI + Preprint ---------- */

.pub-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: #555;
}

.pub-venue-inline {
  font-style: italic;
}

.pub-links-inline {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  margin-left: 3px;
}

.pub-links-inline::before {
  content: "—";
  color: #adb5bd;
  margin-right: 2px;
}

.pub-links-inline a {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.pub-links-inline a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}


/* Venue tag */

.venue-tag {
  background: #6c757d;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 3px 7px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 700;
}


/* Award */

.award-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 7px;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  background: #fff3cd;
  color: #664d03;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}


/* ---------- Section Divider ---------- */

.publication-divider {
  margin: 55px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid #d8dee4;
  opacity: 1;
}


/* ---------- Mobile ---------- */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .publication-section-header h2 {
    font-size: 23px;
  }

  .publication-year {
    font-size: 19px;
  }

  .pub-title {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .publication-nav {
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .publication-nav-link {
    font-size: 13px;
  }

}

/* =========================================================
   SERVICE / HONORS / TALKS & MEDIA
========================================================= */


/* ---------- Jump Navigation ---------- */

.service-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 16px 20px;
  background: #f8f9fa;
  border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.service-nav-label {
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #6c757d;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.service-nav-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
  padding: 7px 13px;
  border: 1px solid #d1d9e0;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.service-nav-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  border-color: var(--accent-blue);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}


/* ---------- Sections ---------- */

.service-section {
  scroll-margin-top: 110px;
}

.service-section-title {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 26px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.service-subtitle {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}


/* ---------- Service Entries ---------- */

.service-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 110px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.service-year {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 15px;
}

.service-content {
  font-size: 16px;
}

.service-recognition {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 5px;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  background: #fff3cd;
  color: #664d03;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}


/* ---------- Dividers ---------- */

.service-divider {
  margin: 55px 0;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid #d8dee4;
  opacity: 1;
}


/* ---------- Awards ---------- */

.award-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 23px;
}

.award-year {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 15px;
}


/* ---------- Talks ---------- */

.talk-year {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 30px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.talk-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 90px 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.talk-date {
  color: #6c757d;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.talk-title {
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.talk-location {
  color: #555;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.talk-link {
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.talk-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}


/* ---------- Media ---------- */

.media-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 180px 1fr;
  gap: 25px;
  padding: 20px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e6ea;
}

.media-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.media-source {
  color: var(--primary-navy);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.media-title {
  display: inline-block;
  color: var(--accent-blue);
  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

a.media-title:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.media-description {
  color: #6c757d;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}


/* ---------- Mobile ---------- */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .service-section-title {
    font-size: 23px;
  }

  .service-item,
  .award-item,
  .talk-item,
  .media-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 5px;
  }

  .media-source {
    margin-bottom: 3px;
  }

}

/* =========================================================
   LATEST UPDATES
========================================================= */

.latest-updates {
  font-size: 15px;
}


/* Each update */

.news-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 9px 0;
  line-height: 1.55;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e6e8;
}

.news-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}


/* =========================================================
   NEW UPDATE EMOJI EFFECT
========================================================= */

.news-emoji {
  display: inline-block;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-size: 18px;

  animation: newsPulse 2.4s ease-in-out infinite;
}


/* Subtle pulse — not aggressive flashing */

@keyframes newsPulse {

  0%,
  70%,
  100% {
    transform: scale(1);
    filter: drop-shadow(0 0 0 rgba(255, 193, 7, 0));
  }

  80% {
    transform: scale(1.18);
    filter: drop-shadow(0 0 4px rgba(255, 193, 7, 0.65));
  }

  90% {
    transform: scale(1);
    filter: drop-shadow(0 0 0 rgba(255, 193, 7, 0));
  }

}


/* Older emojis don't animate */

.news-emoji-static {
  display: inline-block;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-size: 18px;
}


/* =========================================================
   SHOW OLDER UPDATES BUTTON
========================================================= */

.updates-toggle {
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  padding: 4px 0;

  color: var(--accent-blue);

  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;

  cursor: pointer;
}

.updates-toggle:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}


/* Hide "show less" initially */

.show-less-text {
  display: none;
}


/* When Bootstrap marks button expanded */

.updates-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .show-more-text {
  display: none;
}

.updates-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .show-less-text {
  display: inline;
}


/* =========================================================
   ACCESSIBILITY — RESPECT REDUCED MOTION
========================================================= */

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {

  .news-emoji {
    animation: none;
  }

}

/* Stagger the animation so all emojis don't pulse together */

.news-item:nth-child(1) .news-emoji {
  animation-delay: 0s;
}

.news-item:nth-child(2) .news-emoji {
  animation-delay: 0.35s;
}

.news-item:nth-child(3) .news-emoji {
  animation-delay: 0.7s;
}

.news-item:nth-child(4) .news-emoji {
  animation-delay: 1.05s;
}

.news-item:nth-child(5) .news-emoji {
  animation-delay: 1.4s;
}
    /* Expandable Card Styling */
    .expand-card { border: 1px solid #dee2e6; border-radius: 10px; overflow: hidden; background: #fff; margin-bottom: 20px; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease; }
    .expand-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); }
    .expand-card img { width: 100%; height: 200px; object-fit: cover; }
    .expand-card-body { padding: 20px; }
    .read-more-btn { color: var(--accent-blue); font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; border: none; background: none; padding: 0; font-size: 16px; margin-top: 10px; }

    .tab-section { display: none; border-top: 6px solid var(--primary-navy); padding-top: 30px; }
    .tab-section.active { display: block; }

    footer { background-color: var(--primary-navy); color: #fff; padding: 20px; text-align: center; font-size: 15px; }
	
/* =========================================================
   CV
========================================================= */


/* ---------- Header ---------- */

.cv-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 20px;

  margin-bottom: 30px;
}


/* ---------- Download Button ---------- */

.cv-download-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 8px;

  padding: 10px 18px;

  background: var(--primary-navy);
  color: #ffffff;

  border: 1px solid var(--primary-navy);
  border-radius: 6px;

  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;

  text-decoration: none;

  white-space: nowrap;

  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.cv-download-btn:hover {
  background: var(--accent-blue);
  border-color: var(--accent-blue);
  color: #ffffff;

  transform: translateY(-1px);
}


/* ---------- PDF Container ---------- */

.cv-viewer {
  width: 85%;

  background: #f8f9fa;

  border: 1px solid #d8dee4;
  border-radius: 8px;

  overflow: hidden;
}


/* ---------- PDF ---------- */

.cv-pdf {
  display: block;

  width: 100%;
  height: 1100px;

  border: none;
}


/* ---------- PDF Fallback ---------- */

.cv-fallback {
  padding: 60px 30px;

  text-align: center;

  color: #6c757d;
}

.cv-fallback i {
  display: block;

  margin-bottom: 15px;

  font-size: 40px;

  color: var(--primary-navy);
}


/* =========================================================
   CV — MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .cv-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .cv-download-btn {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .cv-pdf {
    height: 750px;
  }

}

/* =========================================================
   TEACHING EXPERIENCE
========================================================= */

.teaching-institution {
  padding-bottom: 12px;
}


/* ---------- Teaching Entry ---------- */

.teaching-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 115px 1fr;
  gap: 25px;

  padding: 25px 0;

  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e6ea;
}

.teaching-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}


/* ---------- Semester ---------- */

.teaching-term {
  color: var(--primary-navy);

  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}


/* ---------- Header ---------- */

.teaching-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;

  gap: 20px;

  margin-bottom: 13px;
}


/* ---------- Course ---------- */

.teaching-course {
  margin-bottom: 4px;

  color: var(--primary-navy);

  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 700;
}


/* ---------- Role ---------- */

.teaching-role {
  color: #6c757d;

  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 600;
}


/* ---------- Course Website ---------- */

.teaching-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 5px;

  flex-shrink: 0;

  color: var(--accent-blue);

  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;

  text-decoration: none;
}

.teaching-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}


/* ---------- Responsibilities ---------- */

.teaching-duties {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 19px;

  color: #555;

  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.teaching-duties li {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.teaching-duties li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}


/* =========================================================
   TEACHING — MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .teaching-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .teaching-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 7px;
  }

}

/* =========================================================
   GALLERY
========================================================= */

.gallery-item {
  height: 100%;

  background: #ffffff;

  border: 1px solid #e1e5e9;
  border-radius: 8px;

  overflow: hidden;

  transition:
    transform 0.25s ease,
    box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}


/* ---------- Hover Effect ---------- */

.gallery-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);

  box-shadow:
    0 8px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10);
}


/* ---------- Image ---------- */

.gallery-image {
  display: block;

  width: 100%;
  height: 250px;

  object-fit: cover;

  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}


/* Slight image zoom */

.gallery-item:hover .gallery-image {
  transform: scale(1.025);
}


/* ---------- Caption ---------- */

.gallery-caption {
  padding: 18px 20px 20px;
}


.gallery-caption h5 {
  margin-bottom: 7px;

  color: var(--primary-navy);

  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 700;
}


.gallery-caption p {
  margin: 0;

  color: #6c757d;

  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}


/* =========================================================
   GALLERY — MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .gallery-image {
    height: 260px;
  }

}

/* =========================================================
   GALLERY LIGHTBOX / MODAL
========================================================= */


/* Make gallery images obviously clickable */

.gallery-image {
  cursor: zoom-in;
}


/* ---------- Modal Background ---------- */

.gallery-modal .modal-dialog {
  max-width: 1200px;
}


.gallery-modal .modal-content {
  position: relative;

  background: rgba(10, 15, 20, 0.97);

  border: none;
  border-radius: 8px;

  overflow: hidden;
}


/* ---------- Image Container ---------- */

.gallery-modal-image-container {
  display: flex;

  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;

  min-height: 300px;

  padding: 25px;
}


/* ---------- Full Image ---------- */

.gallery-modal-image {
  display: block;

  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 80vh;

  width: auto;
  height: auto;

  object-fit: contain;

  border-radius: 4px;
}


/* ---------- Close Button ---------- */

.gallery-modal-close {
  position: absolute;

  top: 15px;
  right: 15px;

  z-index: 10;

  display: flex;

  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;

  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;

  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);
  color: #ffffff;

  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;

  font-size: 20px;

  cursor: pointer;

  transition:
    background 0.2s ease,
    transform 0.2s ease;
}


.gallery-modal-close:hover {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);

  transform: scale(1.08);
}


/* ---------- Caption ---------- */

.gallery-modal-caption {
  padding: 0 25px 22px;

  text-align: center;

  color: #ffffff;
}


.gallery-modal-caption h5 {
  margin-bottom: 5px;

  color: #ffffff;

  font-family: 'Montserrat', sans-serif;
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 700;
}


.gallery-modal-caption p {
  margin: 0 auto;

  max-width: 750px;

  color: #c8cdd2;

  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}


/* =========================================================
   MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 768px) {

  .gallery-modal .modal-dialog {
    margin: 10px;
  }


  .gallery-modal-image-container {
    padding: 15px;

    min-height: 200px;
  }


  .gallery-modal-image {
    max-height: 75vh;
  }


  .gallery-modal-close {
    top: 10px;
    right: 10px;

    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
  }


  .gallery-modal-caption {
    padding: 5px 15px 18px;
  }

}